Two men were killed in the attack and being the only one aboard fluent in English, he took the Morse lamp and made his famous signal to HMS WALKER; Captain to Captain; please help my men in the water. In the Atlantic, Kretschmer became bolder and bolder. [77] Kretschmer was senior officer at the camp. He joined the German navy - the Reichsmarine - on April 1, 1930, as an officer candidate. Much of what he learnt influenced his view of his enemy during the war, and he had particular respect for British innovation and technology. The ship was accompanied by three other vessels, but she was darkened and the black out aroused Kretschmer's suspicions. [24] Following this patrol, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 17 December. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. Joachim Schepke arrived in U-100 and sank seven. 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He wants to be a naval officer. Schnee had the con and OTTO was in his bunk. [9], In 1933 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. On 3 August 1998, they were on a luxury cruise boat on the Donau (Danube) River celebrating their 50th (Golden) wedding anniversary. He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship. That same day the British escorts scored another success against the Kriegsmarine when the noted U-boat skipper Joachim Schepke was killed aboard U-100, having been depth charged, rammed and sunk by Vanoc. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . He clung to the periscope in the hope of being seen through the optics. [9] Kretschmer joined the U-boat service in January 1936. In a rush of roiling water that must have looked like a surfacing submarine, Papa Swan came roaring out of the water heading right at Juli who decided that it was time to leave but with about six feet of wingspan flailing about and huge clawed feet ripping chunks of OTTOs grass up, Papa Swan was hot after Juli all the while making a tremendous hissing sound. Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner of war. He died in 1998 in Bavaria. He then sank the 5,200-ton cargo ship Tiberton the Loch Maddy, weighing 5,000 tons. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. Hitler invited Kretschmer to sit in on a lunch meeting with Hitler and Vyacheslav Molotov, the Soviet Union's ambassador to the Third Reich. Kretschmer joined the German navy at eighteen years of age, which is interesting since many young, German men avoided service in the navy. Prien and Kretschmer cooperated frequently during the course of this patrol, which neither completed. We use cookies to improve your website experience. I was a lieutenant on U-35, in the second submarine flotilla, and together with U . The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. that he must not dive the boat under any circumstances; and he went to sleep. At the time, Kretschmer . The ship did not reach port. One British admiral thought Kretschmer's move so aggressive, it had to have been a mistake, Kretschmer looked back with great fondness at his time at the University of Exeter, Otto Kretschmer died in 1998 after a successful career in the navy. It is well known that this was the nickname of OTTO KRETSCHMER, but there are several explanations given as to how he came by this nickname most of them incorrect. It was not this way with U-99. The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. [65] British reports of the action mention a large red glow appearing deep below the surface amid the depth charge explosions. His first patrol, with Oberleutnant zur See Adalbert Schnee as first watch officer, took U-23 into the North Sea and along the coast of the Netherlands. As the boat went under, she was immediately picked up on the ASDIC of the Royal Navy sub hunters and they came after this new contact. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. [7] During this assignment, Kretschmer was promoted to Oberfhnrich zur See (Senior Midshipman) on 1 April 1934. [53] Upon reaching port, he was summoned to Berlin to meet Erich Raeder. Rsing's successor, Hermann Michahelles, was killed in a car accident and Kretschmer assumed command for two weeks. Three days later he departed for his seventh war patrol. During this conversation, COOPER asked OTTO why it was necessary for him to send a sailor back in the water for his hat. The Greatest Submarine Commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships in World War One. [10] According to one historian, Kretschmer was a patriot and loyal to the government, but later "eschewed Nazi efforts to glorify his success through propaganda. After a running convoy battle in which KRETSCHMER did not sleep for two days straight, he exhausted his torpedoes and set course for home. The officers were also taken to the prisoner-of-war camp at Grizedale Hall. Kretschmer docked in Lorient on 21 July. The renaming of the navy was a symbolic gesture, to erase the unpleasant memories of the 1920s and symbolise a new era. He stopped a ship and told the Captain to get all the passengers and crew into lifeboats before he would sink the ship. U-99 attacked the armed merchant cruisers HMS Laurentic and HMS Patroclus. It noted that the destroyers "did not know how to help" and busied themselves firing star shells on a moonlit night. [48] Kretschmer recommended his helmsman Stabsobersteuermann Heinrich Petersen for the Knight's Cross after twelve war patrols for saving U-99 from enemy detection. He was rushed to a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to no avail. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British Officers than was his First Lieutenant. [20] On his fifth patrol (515 December) he was ordered to explore the inner waters around the Orkney Islands and engage any remaining Home Fleet units that had departed from Scapa Flow in the aftermath of Gnther Prien's attack. Despite being captured, the German nay continued to promote him, and even awarded him he Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords - only the fifth member of the German armed forces to receive the accolade. On 16 June 1956, he was tasked with the creation of 1. [61] As with the group that eventually sank Kretschmer ten days later, they were experienced and competent. Kretschmer was born in Heidau near Neisse, then in the German Empire on 1 May 1912 to Friedrich Wilhelm Otto and Alice (ne Herbig) Kretschmer. One morning on the breakfast patio at the KRETSCHMER home, OTTO was reading his newspaper while Mrs. Kretschmer and COOPER talked over breakfast tea. Nazi Admiral Otto Kretschmer was responsible for the sinking of 47 vessels in the space of just 18 months His short but prolific spell on German U-boats accounted for the sinking of 273,043 tons. Ezzel a teljestmnyvel kirdemelte a Tlgyfalombokkal s kardokkal . This was not OTTO KRETSCHMER! [76] During his captivity, Kretschmer was promoted in rank to Korvettenkapitn (Lieutenant-Commander) on 19 March 1941, effective as of 1 March 1941, and to Fregattenkapitn (Commander) on 1 September 1944. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Kretschmer was guided onto convoy OB-191. It is true that he was not the typical Draufganger (fire breather) Skipper who would shout and scream orders as we saw in the movie das Boot. "He spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. [80], On 1 December 1955, Kretschmer joined West Germany's navy, at the time named the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy), holding the rank of Fregattenkapitn (Commander). Shortly after he surrendered, OTTO KRETSCHMER fell asleep in an overstuffed chair in the Captains cabin on HMS WALKER. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. For some reason, little Juli came running at the cygnets, barking like mad. Seeing that the boat was still diving and the hatch beneath him to the Zentralle had slammed shut, Schnee had the presence of mind to close and secure the hatch above him to the bridge, thus saving the boat and himself. [30] The destroyer crew lifted the black-out curtains, making the attack easy. There were two reasons for this; Knights Cross with Oak Leaf and Crossed Swords, There would be nine diamonds forming the Swastika, All the time this was going on, as the pair ran, Why you never saw him with the traditional . OTTO KRETSCHMER made only seven Feindfahrt in World War Two but his daily average tonnage was equal to that of de la Perrier. Instead, OKM sent him an administrative officer, H. J. von KNEBEL-DOBERITZ (681-1988) as his new I.W.O. Six months later, on 15 December, he officially became Flottillenadmiral. He had a great sense of humor during one Patrol in Germany, our bus stopped at our little gasthaus and COOPER went inside to check on the rooms. One hugely successful patrol saw him sink the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring with a solitary torpedo, before speeding off into the night undetected. Kretschmer sank one and damaged twowhich he and Prien dispatched the following day. [15] Through the remaining Interwar period, Kretschmer developed his own approach to combat, which can be summarized by the phrase "one torpedo, one ship". [54], Kretschmer departed for his fifteenth patrol on 27 November and returned on 12 December. He fired a single torpedo that missed before he lost the ship in thick mist. Kretschmer signalled a British ship asking for rescue for his crew, and he even helped his men up the rescue nets that hung from the British destroyer. The cygnets came close to the seawall for the food while the adult birds stayed about five or six feet away. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. A single torpedo was fired, then Kretschmer ordered a u-turn and sped away on the surface; the destroyers neither sighted him nor detected him with ASDIC. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. In 1955, MacIntyre returned the Zeiss binoculars to Kretschmer. Prien and Kretschmer, along with U-70 (Matz) and UA, attacked the convoy. During this command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See (captain at sea/captain) on 12 December 1958. 8x40 model no. [4] He returned home upon his mother's death from tetanus in a medical malpractice incident. As OTTO said;I am a Prussian officer; we are not pirates!. He demonstrated a cool approach to combat: his mantra one torpedo for one ship proved that the best way for his boat to succeed against a convoy was to remain surfaced as much as possible, penetrating the convoy and using the boats high speed and small silhouette to avoid retaliation. Sir, do you think that OTTO KRETSCHMER will be with us on this trip? to which OTTO smiled and replied; I think he is already here. at which point the Member nearly fell out of his chair. Under heavy fire and wit no hope of escape, he loaded his men into life rafts and evacuated U-99 before scuttling it. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. He was upset, but he was a proper officer and obeyed his orders. 176 men died. Why his average daily tonnage sinking equaled that of de la Perrier. When U-23 was stabilized at her depth and the sound man could no longer hear any noises of the other boat, they came to periscope depth, confirmed that all was safe, and KRETSCHMER was ready to begin the hopeless task of looking for Schnees body. [25] The Norwegian Fredville, only 1,150GRT was sunk on 11 January 1940 without warning. "[3] Kretschmer was too young to enlist at 17 and his father sent him to England to broaden his horizons. Prien sank the ship the following day. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. His first operational posting was to the 2nd U-Flotillas Type VII U35 where he survived almost being drowned during training in the Baltic Sea. [68], Kretschmer's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking of his boat. German aircraft bombed and sank it three days later. Kretschmer's thoughts on Hitler and the subsequent conference are not known. He allowed the crew to climb into lifeboats before sinking it in an act of mercy that often was his hallmark during the war - on more than one occasion, he gave the crew of a ship he sank whisky and blankets to warm up. Later, a mated pair of swans came by with their offspring, about six cygnets, and they were looking for food as well. [56] Laurentic and Patroclus had been loaded with wooden barrels to increase buoyancy. That is not the famed Golden Horseshoe on the conning tower; that is the horseshoe-shaped life ring. Prien along with his crew disappeared, presumably in a depth charge attack. "[73], Of his personality and view of the war it stated, "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. There are as many reports, theories, and wild-eyed guesses as there are forums on the Internet most of which are pure speculation and fiction. Kretschmer travelled the world as he rose up through the ranks, before joining the U-boat service in 1936. [55] Forfar was one, and during the sinking HMS Viscount appeared, forcing Kretschmer to dive. OTTO and his L.I. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). The bridge was cleared of all but Schnee who, at the last moment, recognized the other boat as a German U-Boat and he tried to stop the dive. Its commander, Hugo Frster, was repatriated to Germany and committed suicide before the end of the war. [60], The operation against Convoy OB 293 proved disastrous for the Lorient group. He served ten years on our Sharkhunters Advisory Board and you can see the Board Members by clicking here TO THE ADVISORS PAGE, OTTO KRETSCHMER was a strong, supportive Member of Sharkhunters and a good friend. She told COOPER that he was such a fine man that she knew there would never be another like him. While working on the deck gun, the boat suddenly dived. Kretschmer was transferred to the training ship Niobe (1 July 1930 9 October 1930), attaining the rank of Seekadett (cadet) on 9 October 1930 before embarking on a 14-month stay on board the cruiser Emden (10 October 1930 4 January 1932), which took him to the Far East through the Mediterranean and Suez canal. "On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. The British report noted of Kretschmer, "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. OTTO KRETSCHMER indeed, was a fine man! The crew were permitted ashore at the resort town of San Sebastin. Petersen had served as Kretschmer's helmsman on every war patrol on both U-23 and U-99. [34] His greatest success was the sinking of Auckland Star, a 13,212GRT ship on 28 July followed by another two totalling 12,811GRT on 29 and 31 July. [34] On 21 June, his ninth patrol, his boat was damaged by an Arado Ar 196 floatplane from Scharnhorst in the belief U-99 was a British submarine. He sank another vessel on his fifth patrol to earn the Iron Cross first class, and he notched up further kills as the war progressed. [18], From 1 March to 31 October 1958, Kretschmer served as Admiralstabsoffizier (Astoofficer of the admiralty staff) with the Fleet Command. Upon the death of Kptlt. Immediate Family: Son of Otto Friedrich Kretschmer and Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer. Patroclus lost 56 crew; 230 survived. A high achiever at school, he wanted nothing more than to join the navy, but he was not old enough upon leaving at the age of 17. Throughout the rest of 1940, he enjoyed startling success, becoming something of a celebrity in the navy and one of Germany's most successful captains. Although he fought doggedly for Nazi Germany during the war, his affection for Exeter remained with him until his death. Kretschmer sank six and disabled a seventh. On 4 October 1939 he sank the coastal ship Glen Farg (876GRT). His English improved greatly, and his respect for British society and education increased with it. After the war he served in the German Federal Navy, from which he retired in 1970 with the flag rank of commodore. It took nine torpedoes and one dud to sink them; the latter was sunk after it stopped to pick up survivors from the former. The ship sank slowly. Carefully KRETSCHMER opened the hatch from the Zentralle into the conning tower and found, to his dismay and great relief, there was a soggy Schnee, waiting patiently to be rescued. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. I had to surrender my ship to the British Captain and I had to be in complete uniform.. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. That day, he was made chief-of-staff of the NATO command COMNAVBALTAP at Kiel, taking command on 15 June. Paterson: Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat captain of the Second World War, and the term 'scoring' relates to the total tonnage of shipping that he sank while commander of both U23 and U99. [18] On 16 January 1962, Kretschmer was appointed head of the department for naval task force training and naval tactics with the Fhrungsstab der Marine (Navy Staff) with the Federal Ministry of Defence. Many thanks to Valeria Basso, Alessio Basso and Francesco Signorino for helping in the retrieval of a few rare archival sources, and for stimulating discussions. Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941", Newspaper clippings about Otto Kretschmer, Telegraph On-line edition, February 4, 2008, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kretschmer&oldid=1125960308, Efficient lookouts are of prime importance, It is essential not simply to spot the target, but to spot it in good time, Lone ships should be attacked on the surface with gunfire in order to save expensive torpedoes, Survivors should be assisted when possible, Convoys should be attacked in daylight only if it is not feasible to wait for nightfall, Attack at night from the dark side of the convoy, so that the target is silhouetted and the submarine is in shadow, When there is little or no moonlight, attack from the windward side (to avoid a visible white bow-wave when motoring into the wind), Fire one torpedo per target, not fanned salvoes, Once an attack is launched, do not submerge except in circumstances of dire necessity. 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